15 Examples of Liquefaction - encyclopedia

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Examples of liquefaction
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The liquefaction or liquefaction is the process of transformation of the matter of a gaseous state (mainly), directly to a liquid state, by increasing pressure (isothermal compression) and decreasing temperature. These conditions, in fact, distinguish liquefaction from condensation or precipitation.

This technique was discovered by the British scientist Michel Faraday in 1823, during his experiments with ammonia, and today it constitutes one of the most usual and indispensable procedures for the handling of industrial and commercial consumption gases.

See also: Examples from Gaseous to Liquids (and the other way around)

Examples of liquefaction

Liquefied chlorine. This highly toxic compound is made from chlorine gases, for subsequent dilution in wastewater, swimming pools and other types of aquatic environments intended for purification.
Liquid nitrogen. Used as a refrigerant and cryogenizer, since this liquefied gas retains large amounts of heat, it is common in dermatological removal or surgical burn therapy, or in the freezing of human semen and eggs.
Liquid oxygen. In liquid form, it is transported to hospitals and clinics where, once its pressure is recovered, it returns to its gaseous form and can be fed via the respiratory route to patients with pulmonary deficiencies.
Helium liquefaction. This was first done by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1913, which allowed a series of amazing experiments with liquid helium (-268.93 ° C), such as the thermomechanical effect and others that allowed a better understanding of the Noble gases.
Propane and Butane liquefied. These gases of common commercial and industrial use given their flammability and cheap cost, are transported in tanks and carafes much more comfortably in liquid form, since they take up less space (approximately 600 times less volume) and are more manageable.
Ordinary lighters. The liquid content of common plastic lighters is nothing more than liquefied gases, which by operating the button and igniting the spark, return to their gaseous form and feed the flame. That's why heating a lighter is a bad idea: the liquid recovers its gaseous form and presses outward, causing the plastic container to explode.
Refrigerators. Refrigerators and freezers generate cold from a circuit of liquefied gases inside the condenser, which extracts heat and keeps temperatures low.
Liquefied petroleum gas. Dissolved in oil or natural gas, it is hydrocarbons very easy to liquefy, obtained by distillation catalytic fractional (cracking) and used as a gaseous fuel.
Aerosols and sprays. The content of many aerosols, even those of street paint, is suspended in a high pressure gas, whose form in the container is liquid but, once the device is activated, it returns to ambient pressure and recovers its gaseous condition, spraying the surface pointed with paint or the desired substance and releasing the rest of the gases into the environment.
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) liquid. Either as a preliminary step to obtaining dry ice, or part of other industrial processes that require it, CO₂ abundant in the atmosphere can be liquefied when subjected to extreme pressure and compression.
Liquefaction of ammonia. As part of its use in obtaining numerous cleaners or solvents, ammonia (NH₃) can be blended. This is often used in weather balloons to add ballast, which can then easily be returned to a gaseous state and lift the ship.
Air liquefaction. It is the method of obtaining pure elements for use industrial: air is taken from the atmosphere and liquefied under pressure, and then its constituent elements are distilled and stored separately, such as nitrogen, oxygen and argon.
Liquefied noble gases. Widely used in the medical field of infrared spectroscopy, since these elements are transparent to this type of radiation and do not obscure the spectrum of the particles or substances dissolved in them.
Superconductors. In large scientific or computerized facilities whose equipment generates a lot of hot, liquefied gases (at very low temperatures) such as hydrogen and helium are used to avoid overheating of the delicate specialized machinery.
Liquefied argon. Scientifically employed in the pursuit of dark matter, through huge detectors that contain portions of Argon in gas and liquid, to emit light each time a dark matter particle collides with this element.