Author:
Peter Berry
Date Of Creation:
18 February 2021
Update Date:
1 July 2024
Content
The kingdoms of nature are divisions that allow classifying the living beings to facilitate its study and understanding.
The five natural kingdoms are:
- Vegetal kingdom (Plantae): They are organisms capable of photosynthesis, which do not have the ability to move and have cellulose cell walls.
- Animal Kingdom (Animalia): They are those organisms that have the ability to move, that do not have a cell wall, that are heterotrophs and that develop from embryos.
- fungi kingdom: They are the organisms that do not move and that have chitin cell walls.
- protist kingdom: Organisms with the same cellular structure as animals, plants and fungi (eukaryotic cell) but cannot be classified within the other realms.
- Monera Kingdom: Organisms formed by prokaryotic cells.
The Monera Kingdom is the only one where prokaryotic organisms are found. In the other four kingdoms eukaryotic organisms are grouped.
The cells Eukaryotes are those that have a differentiated nucleus, that is to say that their genetic material is separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane. Cells present free DNA in the cytoplasm.
In the Monera kingdom we find organisms almost exclusively unicellular such as bacteria or archaea.
Examples of Monera Kingdom
- Escherichia coli: Phylum: proteobacteria. Class: gammaproteobacteria. Order: enterobacteriales. Gram-negative bacillus that causes gastrointestinal infections.
- Lactobacillus casei: Division: firmicutes. Class: Bacilli: Order: Lactobacillales. Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria found in the gut and mouth of humans. Produces lactic acid.
- Clostridium tetani: Division: Firmicutes. Class: clostridia. Order: clostridial. Gram positive bacteria, spore-forming and anaerobic. It is found in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. It causes serious infections in humans, for example tetanus disease.
- Clostridium septicum: Division: Firmicutes. Class: clostridia. Order: clostridial. Gram positive anaerobic bacteria. It causes diseases in humans such as abscesses, grangrene, neutropenic enterocolitis, and sepsis.
- Chlamydia (chlamydia): Division: chlamydiae. Order: chlamydiales. Gram negative bacteria that cause sexually transmitted diseases.
- Clostridium botulinum: Division: Firmicutes. Class: clostridia. Order: Clostridiales. Bacillus found in the earth. Due to its metabolism, it produces a toxin that causes botulism.
- Sorangium cellulosum: Division: Proteobacteria. Class: deltaproteobacteria. Order: Myxococcales. Great-negative bacteria. It has the largest known genome in a bacterium.
- Serpulina (bachyspira): Division: spirochaetes. Class: spirochaetes. Order: spirochaetales. Anaerobic bacteria that parasitize humans.
- Vibrio vulnificus. Division: proteobacteria. Class: gammaproteobacteria. Order: vibrionales. Salt tolerant bacillus, so it can thrive in seawater. It is a pathogen for humans, that is, it causes infections. It is a Gram-negative bacterium.
- Bifidobacteria. Division: actinobacteria. Class: actinobacteria. Order: bifidobacteriales. Are the bacteria found in the colon. They participate in digestion and reduce the incidence of allergies, in addition to preventing the growth of certain tumors.
It can serve you: 50 Examples from each Kingdom
characteristics
- They do not have organelles: in addition to lacking a cell nucleus, they do not have plastids, mitochondria, or any endomembrane system.
- Food: they feed by osmotrophy, that is, they absorb nutrients by osmosis of substances dissolved in the environment. This feeding can be:
- Heterotrophic: they feed on organic material from other organisms. They are saprophytes if they feed on waste; parasites if they feed on living organisms or symbiotic if they establish a relationship with another body in which both benefit.
- Autotroph: they develop their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
- Variable Oxygen Dependence: Not all organisms in the Monera kingdom use oxygen for their metabolism. Those that use oxygen are called aerobes and those that do not need it are called anaerobes.
- Reproduction: It is mainly asexual by binary fission. That is, there is no mitosis.
- Locomotion: These organisms can move thanks to flagella.
- DNA: It is shaped like a circular strand and is free in the cytoplasm.
More information?
- Examples of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Organisms
- Examples of Bacteria
- Examples of Microorganisms
- Examples of Unicellular Organisms
