They are known as liquids those products and substances that occur in this state of matter. We know that there are three possible states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. These differ by the degree of cohesion of the molecules that compose it.
In the state liquid, the attractive forces between molecules are weaker than in solids but stronger than in gases. The molecules move and collide with each other, vibrating and sliding over each other.
In liquids,the number of particles per unit volume is very high, so that collisions and frictions between particles are very frequent. Whether a substance is in a liquid, solid or gaseous state basically depends on the temperature and its vapor pressure. In temperate regions of the world, water, for example, occurs in a liquid state.
Although in liquids molecules can move and collide with each other, they stay relatively close. As the temperature of a liquid increases, the momentum of its individual molecules also increases.
Consequently, liquids can flow into the shape of their container container, but they cannot be easily compressed because the molecules are already tightly bound. That is why liquids do not have a fixed shape, but they do have volume. Liquids are subject to the processes of expansion and contraction.
See also: Solid Examples
The main characteristics of liquid substances include: Boiling point, which is the temperature at which it boils and becomes gaseous, this is given by the vapor pressure (which equals that of the medium that surrounds the liquid).
Other typical properties of liquids are:
- The surface tension, given by the attractive forces in all directions within the liquid
- The viscosity, which represents the opposition force of a fluid to tangential deformations (this only manifests itself in moving liquids)
- The capillarity, which describes how easy it is for liquids to go up small diameter tubes (capillaries), in which the cohesion force is exceeded by the adhesion force.
It can serve you:
- Examples of solid, liquid and gaseous
- Examples of Gaseous State
Examples of liquid substances at 25 ° C are:
- Water
- Petroleum
- kerosene
- ethyl alcohol
- methanol
- Petroleum ether
- chloroform
- benzene
- sulfuric acid
- hydrochloric acid
- glycerin
- acetone
- ethyl acetate
- phosphoric acid
- toluene
- acetic acid
- milk
- edible oil blend
- isoamyl alcohol
- sunflower oil
