20 Examples of Acid Salts - encyclopedia

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Nomenclature of acid salts
Examples of acid salts

In the inorganic chemistry, there is talk of a Salt when we refer to compounds that are obtained when an acid has its hydrogen atoms replaced by basic radicals, which in the specific case of acid salts, are of the negative type (cations). In that they are distinguished from neutral salts or binary salts.

Salts are usually formed through the reaction between an acid and a hydroxide (base). In these reactions, normally the base loses its hydroxyl groups (-OH) and the acid the hydrogen atoms (H), forming a neutral salt; but if the acid in question conserves one of its hydrogen atoms, altering the electric charge of the reaction, we will obtain a acid salt or hydrogenated salt.

Thus, for example, lithium bicarbonate is obtained from lithium hydroxide and carbonic acid:

LiOH + H₂CO₃ = Li (HCO₃) + H₂OR

The reaction, as will be seen, also throws up water as a by-product.

Nomenclature of acid salts

According to the functional nomenclature, for acid salts, the traditional way of naming neutral salts should be used from the suffixes -ate or -ite, but preceded with a prefix indicating the number of hydrogen atoms that were substituted in the molecule. Thus, for example, lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃) will have two hydrogen atoms (bi = two).

On the other hand, according to the systemic nomenclature, the term hydrogen to the ordinary name of the salt obtained, respecting the prefixes that refer to the supplanted hydrogen atoms. Thus, lithium hydrogen carbonate or lithium hydrogen carbonate will be ways of naming the same lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃).

Examples of acid salts

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Also called sodium hydrogen carbonate (IV), it is a white crystalline solid, soluble in water, which can be found in nature in a mineral state or can be produced in the laboratory. It is one of the most acidic salts known and is widely used in confectionery, pharmacology or yogurt making.
Lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃). This acid salt has been used as a capturing agent for CO₂ in situations where such gas is undesirable, as in the North American "Apollo" space missions.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄). Crystalline solid, odorless, soluble in water, widely used in various industries such as food yeast, chelating agent, nutritional fortifier and helper in fermentation processes.
Sodium bisulfate (NaHSO₄). Acid salt formed by the neutralization of sulfuric acid, widely used industrially in metal refining, cleaning products and although it is highly toxic to some echinoderms, it is used as an additive in pet food and in the manufacture of jewelry.
Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS). Dangerous compound of delicate handling, since it is highly corrosive and toxic. It can cause severe skin burns and eye damage, as it is also combustible.
Calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO₄). Used as a dietary supplement in cereals and livestock feed, it is a solid insoluble in water but capable of crystallizing when hydrated by consuming two molecules of water.
Ammonium hydrogen carbonate ([NH₄] HCO₃). It is known as ammonium bicarbonate and is used in the food industry as chemical yeastAlthough it has the disadvantage of trapping ammonia, making food taste bad if used excessively. It is also used in fire extinguishers, pigment making and as a rubber expander.
Barium bicarbonate (Ba [HCO₃]₂). Acidic salt that, when heated, can reverse its production reaction and is highly unstable except in solution. Widely used in the ceramic industry.
Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃). This salt is extremely unstable and in the presence of oxygen it derives into sodium sulfate, which is why it is used in the food industry as a food preservative and desiccant. It is an extreme reducing agent and commonly used by man, also used in fixing colors.
Calcium citrate (Ca₃[C₆H₅OR₇]₂). Commonly known as bitter salt, it is used as a food preservative and as a nutritional supplement when it is linked to the amino acid lysine. It is a white, odorless, crystalline powder.
Monocalcium phosphate(Ca [H₂PO₄]₂). Colorless solid obtained from the reaction of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid, It is widely used as a leavening agent or as a fertilizer in agricultural work.
Dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO₄). Also known as calcium monohydrogen phosphate, it has three different crystalline forms that They are used as an additive in meals and it is present in toothpastes. In addition, it is naturally formed in kidney stones and the so-called dental "stone".
Monomagnesium phosphate (MgH₄P₂OR₈). Used as acidulant, acidity corrector or agent in the treatment of flours, it is an odorless, crystalline white salt, partially soluble in water and used in the preservation of food.
Sodium diacetate (NaH [C₂H₃OR₂]₂). This salt is used as a flavoring and preservative agent for meals, preventing or delaying the appearance of fungi and microbacteria, both in vacuum packed products such as meat products and in the flour industry.
Calcium bicarbonate (Ca [HCO₃]₂). Hydrogenated salt that originates from calcium carbonate, present in minerals such as limestone, marble and others. This reaction implies the presence of water and CO₂, so it can occur spontaneously in caves and caves rich in calcium.
Rubidium acid fluoride (RbHF). This salt is obtained from the reaction of hydrofluoric acid (hydrogen and fluor X) and Rubidium, an alkali metal. The result is a toxic and corrosive compound that must be handled with caution..
Monoammonium phosphate ([NH₄] H₂PO₄). Water soluble salt produced by the reaction of ammonia and phosphoric acid, widely used as a fertilizer as it provides the soil with the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients necessary for plant growth. It is also part of the ABC powder in fire extinguishers.
Zinc hydrogen orthoborate(Zn [HBO₃]). Salt used as an antiseptic and as an additive in the production of ceramics.
Monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄). Used more than anything in laboratories, such as “buffer”Or buffer solution, which prevents sudden changes in the pH of a solution.
Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP). Also called potassium acid phthalate, it is a solid and stable salt in ordinary air, so is often used as the primary standard in measurements of pH. It is also useful as a buffering agent in chemical reactions.