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Dialect varieties (or dialects) are particular idioms or idioms that identify different groups of speakers of a language, without questioning the linguistic unity of their language. For example: rioplatense, central american, riojano.
Almost all languages are presented as vast conglomerates of dialect varieties, linked to the geographical and cultural diversity of the peoples who are users of these languages. Dialects are, then, the regional varieties or modalities in which a language is presented.
They can be many, especially in languages such as Spanish, which is spoken in such vast and remote regions of the world. In this language, not only are there important differences between the Spanish of America and that of Spain, but also different dialect varieties are identified within Spain itself and within America.
Something similar happens with the Mandarin Chinese language (usually referred to only as 'Chinese' and spoken by no less than 836 million people), which includes Standard Mandarin (spoken in Beijing) and other dialects spoken in other regions, such as Yángzhōu, the Xī'ān, the Chéngdū and the Língbǎo.
Some causes of the birth to dialect variation are the influence that a people may have had on a part of the linguistic domain and the territorial separation that often gives rise to differentiated evolutions.
Specialists in linguistic geography are the ones who analyze these processes. It is not considered an easy task to establish the limits of these varieties, since the linguistic phenomena that define the particularities of each dialect are of variable extension and, often, they do not have an important differentiation compared to others of common origin.
Other varieties of language are:
- Diastratic (or social dialect). It is related to the social strata or levels of knowledge of the language (variety of cultured, colloquial, vulgar language), which in turn is linked to the sociocultural aspect of the speaker.
- Diaphase (or functional). Analyze the use of language in the different contexts that surround the act of communication.
It can serve you:
- Regional lexicon and generational lexicon
- Localisms (from different countries)
Examples of dialect varieties
The first eight examples below correspond to different regions of the Iberian Peninsula, the five that follow are varieties of the Spanish spoken in America; the last seven are dialects of Italian spoken in different parts of Italy:
- Navarrese
- Riojano
- Extremeño
- Murciano
- Andalusian
- Canary
- Manchego
- Aragonese
- Rioplatense
- Caribbean
- Central American
- Andean
- Amazonian
- Piedmontese
- Friulan
- Tuscan
- Romanesco
- Umbro
- Calabrian
- Campano
- See more examples in: Dialect Examples
